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From Ricci looking for

Ricci created the history of Chinese letters spelling, successfully created the first national lingua franca of Chinese phonetic program. 400 years ago, Matteo Ricci came to China. He soon discovered that people say China's provinces vary vary widely spoken, but there are a official in the common language of Empire, known as Mandarin in the educated classes are very popular. Matteo Ricci in November 1592 to live in Rome from Shaozhou the law than the priest wrote, saying: It is the language of the court and the court, the court because it is common to the provinces and the bureaucracy. we are learning, it is this language. the country to learn dialects. He said in his memoirs: the provinces in the upper-class dialect is not said. Learn Mandarin, you can use in the provinces, and even women and children are also understood. He also found that the written language of the Ming Dynasty and daily conversation vary widely used language, is spoken not written a book, and write this article with a classical country of educated people could understand, not affected by dialect. 1600 年 Ricci again from Nanjing to Beijing, the newly arrived priest Pondy I was his assistant. They take the eunuchs, led by Liu Xi-Ma-step ship fleet, along the canal north to the northwest of Shandong Province Linqing, eunuchs for some reason first. When parting, to repay the Fathers of the kind, bought him a nunnery in Nanjing, as a gift, left the Fathers. He said he gave them to the boy because he articulate a clear Father can teach Pondy I say authentic Chinese. Later, a French missionary rescheduled Trigault published written many of today's scholars, However, why missionaries in a foreign country to write the book, the Linguist Lu Guoyao Nanjing University in 1985 pursuant to an important paper wrote: Nanjing, Beijing dialect but is not so. 1934, the Catholic Jesuit historian Bruce German Jesuit archives in Rome found a manuscript entitled The first 32-165 manuscript pages is a Portuguese and Chinese control of the Latin alphabet) spelling. This manuscript is both Ricci and Ruggieri work together. Manuscript written in Chinese, is the Ricci's voice in accordance with the Ming Mandarin Roman alphabet he designed the program recorded. Ricci spelling program, a total of 26 consonants, 44 vowels and five tones. In addition, Ricci was also Liuzaishishang 1605 (thirty-three years of Ming Dynasty), published in Beijing, woodcut religious paintings. the past, Chinese scholars can only Read the word before the word after the consonant and vowel, phonetic Simply because it is not with the vowel, consonant to spelling, but with Chinese phonetic, pronunciation of the original lasted become characters, Chinese characters read in various places and different sound, so the Ricci created the history of Chinese letters spelling, successfully created the first national lingua franca of Chinese phonetic program, which is the study of Chinese linguistics is a big step forward, another important contribution to this program in Chinese Pinyin voice in the history of 400 years ago, the real pronunciation of Mandarin Ming left a clear record. prestigious Georgetown University linguistics professor Yang Fumian (early 20th century in Shanghai Xujiahui Nanyang school) went to Rome in 1989, reviewed this manuscript, the Ricci translated into the first IPA phonetic alphabet, and grammar of Chinese sentences in the manuscript, a detailed analysis of words, from the pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar, dictionary confirmed in three areas reflect the face of the Ming Mandarin is based in Nanjing, then, wrote a long article, from the house, not free I have given in to Professor Yang Fumian of phonological and published in 1902 K. Hemeling Many of the entering tone, especially vowels, are IA, Yang Ping, rising tone, falling tone, and entering tone 5 tone, if the North completely Jianghuai and Nanjing in the south sound feature. the early Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuan Dynasty capital in Nanjing and repair Most of attack, Zhu Di sits in Beijing, have brought a large area of ​​Nanjing and the JAC are to Beijing dialect. Late Matteo Ricci in Beijing 10 years, if he in Beijing are communication using the Mandarin Tone disappeared, only four tones of the Beijing dialect, he wrote four in Beijing, the article of the Pinyin Romanization system is Ruggieri also not the early years with him and the South wrote,nike lunar, the early Qing Dynasty, the Ming court's standard pronunciation is still inherited until Yongzheng four years (1724) to complete the Official in phonology, Although the banner from their mouth that are living in Youyan and north eastern Liaoning to learn words, but in the court of the Ming Dynasty or the use of Mandarin, until seventeen years of Qianlong (1752), the optimization of the Liaodong, Youyan Mandarin speech formally replaced the Ming Dynasty in Nanjing-based Mandarin words in the court would have made towards the voice of the pronunciation status of the Qing Dynasty palace, which is the predecessor of Mandarin. opening up from the 1842 ban on maritime trade, the missionaries came to China again, Britain, France, the United States and other missionaries to preach and commercial cultural exchanges, but also in China completed a large number of Chinese pinyin, spelling programs, including many dialects, Mandarin and dialects of various books, grammar, dictionary and the Bible, most of the design of the Roman alphabet with their phonetic spelling program for the Chinese people themselves to develop the Latin spelling of the Chinese language program introduced before the front hit. Nine in Meiji Japan (1876) to determine the object to previous teaching Mandarin in Nanjing to Beijing Mandarin. After a debate in 1923 formally recognized Beijing official voice for the Mandarin standard pronunciation. July of this year, I was in Paris, a zealous protection of Shanghai dialect specifically for young users rushed to my hotel from the south, giving me a set of PDF files: one in 1950 in Shanghai Xujiahui Tou published its tile French missionary Boolean compiled the drawing on the writings of the history of a beautiful end. (Money is the wing)

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